CVE-2025-38161
Analyzed Analyzed - Analysis Complete
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-07-03

Last updated on: 2025-12-18

Assigner: kernel.org

Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction Upon RQ destruction if the firmware command fails which is the last resource to be destroyed some SW resources were already cleaned regardless of the failure. Now properly rollback the object to its original state upon such failure. In order to avoid a use-after free in case someone tries to destroy the object again, which results in the following kernel trace: refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 37589 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 Modules linked in: rdma_ucm(OE) rdma_cm(OE) iw_cm(OE) ib_ipoib(OE) ib_cm(OE) ib_umad(OE) mlx5_ib(OE) rfkill mlx5_core(OE) mlxdevm(OE) ib_uverbs(OE) ib_core(OE) psample mlxfw(OE) mlx_compat(OE) macsec tls pci_hyperv_intf sunrpc vfat fat virtio_net net_failover failover fuse loop nfnetlink vsock_loopback vmw_vsock_virtio_transport_common vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_vmci vsock xfs crct10dif_ce ghash_ce sha2_ce sha256_arm64 sha1_ce virtio_console virtio_gpu virtio_blk virtio_dma_buf virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod xpmem(OE) CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 37589 Comm: python3 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 6.12.0-54.el10.aarch64 #1 Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 sp : ffff80008b81b7e0 x29: ffff80008b81b7e0 x28: ffff000133d51600 x27: 0000000000000001 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 00000000ffffffea x24: ffff00010ae80f00 x23: ffff00010ae80f80 x22: ffff0000c66e5d08 x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff0000c66e0000 x19: ffff00010ae80340 x18: 0000000000000006 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000020 x15: ffff80008b81b37f x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2e656572662d7265 x12: ffff80008283ef78 x11: ffff80008257efd0 x10: ffff80008283efd0 x9 : ffff80008021ed90 x8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000000bffe8 x6 : c0000000ffff7fff x5 : ffff0001fb8e3408 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff800179993000 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000133d51600 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 mlx5_core_put_rsc+0x88/0xa0 [mlx5_ib] mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked+0x64/0x98 [mlx5_ib] mlx5_ib_destroy_wq+0x34/0x80 [mlx5_ib] ib_destroy_wq_user+0x30/0xc0 [ib_core] uverbs_free_wq+0x28/0x58 [ib_uverbs] destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x34/0x78 [ib_uverbs] uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x48/0x240 [ib_uverbs] __uverbs_cleanup_ufile+0xd4/0x1a8 [ib_uverbs] uverbs_destroy_ufile_hw+0x48/0x120 [ib_uverbs] ib_uverbs_close+0x2c/0x100 [ib_uverbs] __fput+0xd8/0x2f0 __fput_sync+0x50/0x70 __arm64_sys_close+0x40/0x90 invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x74/0xd0 do_el0_svc+0x48/0xe8 el0_svc+0x44/0x1d0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130 el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8
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Meta Information
Published
2025-07-03
Last Modified
2025-12-18
Generated
2026-05-07
AI Q&A
2025-07-03
EPSS Evaluated
2026-05-05
NVD
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 7 associated CPEs
Vendor Product Version / Range
linux linux_kernel From 4.5 (inc) to 5.10.239 (exc)
linux linux_kernel From 5.11 (inc) to 5.15.186 (exc)
linux linux_kernel From 5.16 (inc) to 6.1.142 (exc)
linux linux_kernel From 6.2 (inc) to 6.6.94 (exc)
linux linux_kernel From 6.7 (inc) to 6.12.34 (exc)
linux linux_kernel From 6.13 (inc) to 6.15.3 (exc)
debian debian_linux 11.0
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-191 The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.
Attack-Flow Graph
AI Powered Q&A
Can you explain this vulnerability to me?

This vulnerability occurs in the Linux kernel's RDMA mlx5 driver during the destruction of a receive queue (RQ). If the firmware command to destroy the RQ fails, some software resources may have already been cleaned up, leading to an inconsistent state. This can cause a use-after-free error if the object is destroyed again, resulting in kernel warnings and potential instability. The fix ensures that the object is properly rolled back to its original state upon such failure to prevent this issue.


How can this vulnerability impact me? :

The vulnerability can lead to a use-after-free condition in the Linux kernel, which may cause kernel crashes, system instability, or unexpected behavior when RDMA resources are destroyed. This could affect systems using the mlx5 driver for RDMA operations, potentially leading to denial of service or other reliability issues.


How can this vulnerability be detected on my network or system? Can you suggest some commands?

This vulnerability manifests as a kernel warning related to refcount underflow and use-after-free errors in the mlx5_ib module. Detection can be done by monitoring kernel logs for messages such as 'refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free' and warnings from refcount_warn_saturate. You can use commands like 'dmesg | grep refcount' or 'journalctl -k | grep refcount' to check for these kernel warnings. Additionally, monitoring for crashes or unusual behavior in RDMA mlx5 modules may indicate the presence of this issue.


What immediate steps should I take to mitigate this vulnerability?

Immediate mitigation involves updating the Linux kernel to a version where this vulnerability is fixed, as the issue is resolved by properly rolling back the object state upon firmware failure during RQ destruction. Until an update is applied, avoid operations that destroy RQ objects in the mlx5_ib module to prevent triggering the use-after-free condition. Monitoring kernel logs for related warnings can help identify attempts to trigger the vulnerability.


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