CVE-2025-51726
Unknown Unknown - Not Provided
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-08-04

Last updated on: 2025-08-05

Assigner: MITRE

Description
CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe (Windows installer) is signed using the weak cryptographic hash algorithm SHA-1, which is vulnerable to collision attacks. This allows a malicious actor to craft a fake installer with a forged SHA-1 certificate that may still be accepted by Windows signature verification mechanisms, particularly on systems without strict SmartScreen or trust policy enforcement. Additionally, the installer lacks High Entropy Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), as confirmed by BinSkim (BA2015 rule) and repeated WinDbg analysis. The binary consistently loads into predictable memory ranges, increasing the success rate of memory corruption exploits. These two misconfigurations, when combined, significantly lower the bar for successful supply-chain style attacks or privilege escalation through fake installers.
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Meta Information
Published
2025-08-04
Last Modified
2025-08-05
Generated
2026-05-07
AI Q&A
2025-08-04
EPSS Evaluated
2026-05-05
NVD
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
cyberghost cyberghostvpn 1.0
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-327 The product uses a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm or protocol.
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AI Powered Q&A
Can you explain this vulnerability to me?

This vulnerability involves two main issues in the CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe Windows installer: first, it is signed using the weak SHA-1 cryptographic hash algorithm, which can be exploited by attackers to create fake installers with forged SHA-1 certificates that Windows may still accept as valid signatures. Second, the installer lacks High Entropy Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), meaning it loads into predictable memory addresses, making it easier for attackers to perform memory corruption exploits. Together, these weaknesses allow attackers to bypass trust mechanisms and increase the success of supply chain attacks or privilege escalation via malicious fake installers. [1]


How can this vulnerability impact me? :

This vulnerability can impact you by enabling attackers to distribute malicious software disguised as legitimate CyberGhostVPN installers. Because Windows may accept a fake installer signed with a forged SHA-1 certificate, users might unknowingly install malware. Additionally, the lack of High Entropy ASLR increases the likelihood that memory corruption exploits will succeed, potentially leading to privilege escalation or system compromise. Overall, it significantly lowers the security barrier against supply chain attacks and advanced persistent threats. [1]


How can this vulnerability be detected on my network or system? Can you suggest some commands?

You can detect the vulnerability by verifying the signature hash algorithm of CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe and checking for the presence of High Entropy ASLR. Use 'sigcheck' to verify the signature and confirm if it uses SHA-1, which is weak. For example, run 'sigcheck CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe' to check the signature status. To check ASLR, use WinDbg to analyze the memory load addresses of the binary; predictable low-memory base addresses indicate missing High Entropy ASLR. Additionally, BinSkim can be used to confirm the absence of the /HIGHENTROPYVA flag. Commands include: 1) 'sigcheck CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe' 2) 'binskim /analyze CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe' 3) Use WinDbg to load the binary and observe base addresses. [1]


What immediate steps should I take to mitigate this vulnerability?

Immediate mitigation steps include enforcing strict SmartScreen or trust policy enforcement on Windows systems to prevent acceptance of SHA-1 signed binaries. Avoid running or distributing CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe installers signed with SHA-1 certificates. Request or wait for a version of the installer signed with a stronger hash algorithm (e.g., SHA-256) and compiled with High Entropy ASLR enabled (/HIGHENTROPYVA flag). Additionally, monitor for and block any suspicious installer binaries that may be forged using this vulnerability. [1]


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