CVE-2025-59144
Unknown Unknown - Not Provided
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-09-15

Last updated on: 2025-09-16

Assigner: GitHub, Inc.

Description
debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments. Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct <script> inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt. The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets such as MetaMask. npm removed the offending package from the registry over the course of the day on 8 September, preventing further downloads from npm proper. On 13 September, the package owner published new patch versions to help cache-bust those using private registries who might still have the compromised version cached. Users should upgrade to the latest patch version, completely remove their node_modules directory, clean their package manager's global cache, and rebuild any browser bundles from scratch. Those operating private registries or registry mirrors should purge the offending versions from any caches. This issue has been resolved in 4.4.3.
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Meta Information
Published
2025-09-15
Last Modified
2025-09-16
Generated
2026-05-07
AI Q&A
2025-09-15
EPSS Evaluated
2026-05-05
NVD
EUVD
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 19 associated CPEs
Vendor Product Version / Range
ansi-styles ansi-styles 6.2.2
proto-tinker-wc proto-tinker-wc 1.8.7
color-convert color-convert 3.1.1
supports-color supports-color 10.2.1
color-string color-string 2.1.1
wrap-ansi wrap-ansi 9.0.1
chalk-template chalk-template 1.1.1
ansi-regex ansi-regex 6.2.1
strip-ansi strip-ansi 7.1.1
supports-hyperlinks supports-hyperlinks 4.1.1
is-arrayish is-arrayish 0.3.3
debug debug 4.4.3
error-ex error-ex 1.3.3
simple-swizzle simple-swizzle 0.2.3
chalk chalk 5.6.1
has-ansi has-ansi 6.0.1
debug debug 4.4.2
color-name color-name 2.0.1
slice-ansi slice-ansi 7.1.1
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
CWE Icon
KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-506 The product contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.
Attack-Flow Graph
AI Powered Q&A
Can you explain this vulnerability to me?

This vulnerability involves the npm package 'debug' version 4.4.2, whose publishing account was compromised via a phishing attack. The attacker published a malicious version that included malware targeting cryptocurrency transactions in browser environments. The malware attempts to redirect cryptocurrency transactions, such as those using wallets like MetaMask, to the attacker's addresses. Only browser contexts are affected; local, server, and command-line environments are not impacted. The compromised package was removed from npm, and patched versions were released to fix the issue. [1]


How can this vulnerability impact me? :

If you use the 'debug' package in a browser environment, this vulnerability can lead to your cryptocurrency transactions being redirected to an attacker's wallet, resulting in financial loss. Local, server, or command-line uses are not affected. To mitigate the risk, users must upgrade to the fixed version, clear caches, delete node_modules, and rebuild browser bundles to remove the malicious code. [1]


How can this vulnerability be detected on my network or system? Can you suggest some commands?

This vulnerability can be detected by checking if your project uses the debug package version 4.4.2 in a browser context, such as direct <script> inclusions or bundles created with tools like Babel, Rollup, Vite, or Next.js. Since the malware targets cryptocurrency transactions in browser environments, monitoring for suspicious redirection of cryptocurrency transactions or unusual network requests to unknown addresses related to wallets like MetaMask may help detect infection. Specific commands are not provided in the resources, but you can check your package.json and lock files for [email protected], and inspect your browser bundles for the presence of this version. Additionally, monitoring network traffic for unexpected redirects in browser environments could be useful. [1]


What immediate steps should I take to mitigate this vulnerability?

Immediate mitigation steps include upgrading the debug package to version 4.4.3 or later, completely removing your node_modules directory, clearing your package manager's global cache, and rebuilding any browser bundles from scratch. If you operate private registries or mirrors, you should purge the compromised version 4.4.2 from any caches. These steps ensure that the malicious payload is removed and that your environment uses the safe patched version. [1]


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