BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-11-25

Last updated on: 2025-11-26

Assigner: GitHub, Inc.

Description

LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. From version 1.6.0 to before 1.6.51, an out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in png_image_read_composite when processing palette images with PNG_FLAG_OPTIMIZE_ALPHA enabled. The palette compositing code in png_init_read_transformations incorrectly applies background compositing during premultiplication, violating the invariant component ≤ alpha × 257 required by the simplified PNG API. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.51.

CVSS Scores

EPSS Scores

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Meta Information

Published

2025-11-25

Last Modified

2025-11-26

Generated

2026-07-06

AI Q&A

2025-11-25

EPSS Evaluated

2026-07-05

NVD

CVE-2025-64720

Affected Vendors & Products

Vendor	Product	Version / Range
libpng	libpng	From 1.6.0 (inc) to 1.6.51 (exc)

Helpful Resources

Exploitability

CWE

KEV

CWE ID	Description
CWE-125	The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

Attack-Flow Graph

Executive Summary

This vulnerability is an out-of-bounds read in the LIBPNG library versions 1.6.0 to before 1.6.51. It occurs in the function png_image_read_composite when processing palette images with the PNG_FLAG_OPTIMIZE_ALPHA enabled. The issue arises because the palette compositing code incorrectly applies background compositing during premultiplication, violating an internal invariant required by the PNG API. This can cause the program to read memory outside the intended bounds.

Impact Analysis

This vulnerability can lead to an out-of-bounds read, which may cause application crashes or potentially expose sensitive memory contents. According to the CVSS score (7.1), it has a high impact on availability (causing crashes) and a low impact on confidentiality. It requires network attack vector with low complexity and no privileges but user interaction is required.

Mitigation Strategies

The immediate step to mitigate this vulnerability is to upgrade LIBPNG to version 1.6.51 or later, where the issue has been patched.

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