CVE-2025-59789
Unknown Unknown - Not Provided
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-12-01

Last updated on: 2025-12-02

Assigner: Apache Software Foundation

Description
Uncontrolled recursion in the json2pb component in Apache bRPC (version < 1.15.0) on all platforms allows remote attackers to make the server crash via sending deep recursive json data. Root Cause: The bRPC json2pb component uses rapidjson to parse json data from the network. The rapidjson parser uses a recursive parsing method by default. If the input json has a large depth of recursive structure, the parser function may run into stack overflow. Affected Scenarios: Use bRPC server with protobuf message to serve http+json requests from untrusted network. Or directly use JsonToProtoMessage to convert json from untrusted input. How to Fix: (Choose one of the following options)  1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0, which fixes this issue. 2. Apply this patch: https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099 Note: No matter which option you choose, you should know that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit with default value 100. It affects these functions:  ProtoMessageToJson, ProtoMessageToProtoJson, JsonToProtoMessage, and ProtoJsonToProtoMessage. If your requests contain json or protobuf messages that have a depth exceeding the limit, the request will be failed after applying the fix. You can modify the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth to change the limit.
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Meta Information
Published
2025-12-01
Last Modified
2025-12-02
Generated
2026-06-16
AI Q&A
2025-12-01
EPSS Evaluated
2026-06-15
NVD
CVE-2025-59789
EUVD
EUVD-2025-199979
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
apache brpc to 1.15.0 (exc)
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-674 The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
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Executive Summary

This vulnerability is an uncontrolled recursion issue in the json2pb component of Apache bRPC versions before 1.15.0. The component uses the rapidjson parser, which parses JSON data recursively by default. If an attacker sends JSON data with a very deep recursive structure, it can cause the parser to run into a stack overflow, leading to a server crash.

Impact Analysis

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending deeply nested JSON data to a bRPC server using protobuf messages. This can cause the server to crash due to stack overflow, resulting in denial of service and potential disruption of services.

Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability, you should either upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0 which fixes the issue, or apply the patch available at https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099. Additionally, be aware that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit (default 100) affecting json2pb functions, and you can adjust this limit using the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth if needed.

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