CVE-2025-65821
Unknown Unknown - Not Provided
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-12-10

Last updated on: 2025-12-12

Assigner: MITRE

Description
As UART download mode is still enabled on the ESP32 chip on which the firmware runs, an adversary can dump the flash from the device and retrieve sensitive information such as details about the current and previous Wi-Fi network from the NVS partition. Additionally, this allows the adversary to reflash the device with their own firmware which may contain malicious modifications.
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Meta Information
Published
2025-12-10
Last Modified
2025-12-12
Generated
2026-06-16
AI Q&A
2025-12-10
EPSS Evaluated
2026-06-15
NVD
CVE-2025-65821
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
espressif esp32 *
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-1191 The chip does not implement or does not correctly perform access control to check whether users are authorized to access internal registers and test modes through the physical debug/test interface.
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Executive Summary

This vulnerability occurs because the UART download mode is still enabled on the ESP32 chip running the firmware. This allows an attacker to dump the device's flash memory and retrieve sensitive information, such as details about current and previous Wi-Fi networks stored in the NVS partition. Furthermore, the attacker can reflash the device with malicious firmware.

Impact Analysis

The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information stored on the device, including Wi-Fi network details. It also allows an attacker to install malicious firmware on the device, potentially compromising its functionality and security.

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