CVE-2025-68241
Unknown Unknown - Not Provided
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2025-12-16

Last updated on: 2025-12-18

Assigner: kernel.org

Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe The sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() -> update_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called to delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random. The race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for deletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the concurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the soon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a new dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU, the dst reference remains permanently leaked. CPU 0 CPU 1 __mkroute_output() find_exception() [fnheX] update_or_create_fnhe() fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX] rt_bind_exception() [bind dst] RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak] This issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in dmesg when unregistering the net device: unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N Ido Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1]. The fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes(). Since rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents the stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it is freed. [1] ip netns add ns1 ip -n ns1 link set dev lo up ip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo ip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy ip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1 ip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \ local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2 ip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1 taskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \ -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & taskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \ -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & sleep 10 ip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill ip netns del ns1
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Meta Information
Published
2025-12-16
Last Modified
2025-12-18
Generated
2026-05-07
AI Q&A
2025-12-16
EPSS Evaluated
2026-05-05
NVD
EUVD
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
linux linux_kernel *
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
KEV Icon
CWE ID Description
CWE-UNKNOWN
Attack-Flow Graph
AI Powered Q&A
Can you explain this vulnerability to me?

This vulnerability in the Linux kernel involves a race condition in the sit driver's packet transmission path. Specifically, the function rt_bind_exception() can rebind a stale fnhe (forwarding next hop entry) after it has been selected for deletion but before it is freed. This leads to a device reference count leak and warnings when unregistering the network device, as the stale fnhe is reused and bound to a new destination while the original is being freed.


How can this vulnerability impact me? :

The vulnerability causes a device reference count leak, which can result in resource leaks and warnings in system logs (dmesg) when network devices are unregistered. This may lead to increased memory usage and potential instability in network device management.


How can this vulnerability be detected on my network or system? Can you suggest some commands?

This vulnerability can be detected by observing warnings in the system logs, specifically dmesg messages such as 'unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N', which indicate a device reference count leak. Additionally, a simple test validation method involves creating a network namespace and running specific ip and mausezahn commands as follows: ip netns add ns1 ip -n ns1 link set dev lo up ip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo ip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy ip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1 ip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2 ip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1 taskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & taskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & sleep 10 ip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill ip netns del ns1


What immediate steps should I take to mitigate this vulnerability?

Immediate mitigation involves applying the fix that clears the 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' field before calling fnhe_flush_routes(), which prevents the stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new destination just before it is freed. Practically, this means updating the Linux kernel to a version where this vulnerability is resolved.


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