CVE-2025-55130
Unknown Unknown - Not Provided
BaseFortify

Publication date: 2026-01-20

Last updated on: 2026-02-03

Assigner: HackerOne

Description
A flaw in Node.js’s Permissions model allows attackers to bypass `--allow-fs-read` and `--allow-fs-write` restrictions using crafted relative symlink paths. By chaining directories and symlinks, a script granted access only to the current directory can escape the allowed path and read sensitive files. This breaks the expected isolation guarantees and enables arbitrary file read/write, leading to potential system compromise. This vulnerability affects users of the permission model on Node.js v20, v22, v24, and v25.
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Meta Information
Published
2026-01-20
Last Modified
2026-02-03
Generated
2026-06-16
AI Q&A
2026-01-20
EPSS Evaluated
2026-06-15
NVD
CVE-2025-55130
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 4 associated CPEs
Vendor Product Version / Range
nodejs node.js From 20.0.0 (inc) to 20.20.0 (exc)
nodejs node.js From 22.0.0 (inc) to 22.22.0 (exc)
nodejs node.js From 24.0.0 (inc) to 24.13.0 (exc)
nodejs node.js From 25.0.0 (inc) to 25.3.0 (exc)
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-289 The product performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.
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Executive Summary

This vulnerability in Node.js's permission model allows attackers to bypass the `--allow-fs-read` and `--allow-fs-write` restrictions by using specially crafted relative symbolic link (symlink) paths. By chaining directories and symlinks, a script that should only have access to the current directory can escape this limitation and read or write arbitrary sensitive files outside the allowed path, breaking the expected isolation guarantees. [1]

Impact Analysis

The vulnerability can lead to arbitrary file read and write operations outside the intended restricted directory. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive files and potentially compromise the entire system where the vulnerable Node.js version is running. [1]

Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability, you should update Node.js to a version where the issue is fixed. The vulnerability affects Node.js versions 20.x, 22.x, 24.x, and 25.x, and has been fixed by RafaelGSS. Applying the latest security releases from Node.js that address CVE-2025-55130 will prevent attackers from bypassing the permission model restrictions. [1]

Compliance Impact

This vulnerability allows attackers to bypass file system access restrictions and read or write arbitrary sensitive files outside the intended scope. Such unauthorized access to sensitive data can lead to violations of data protection regulations like GDPR and HIPAA, which require strict controls over access to personal and sensitive information. Therefore, exploitation of this vulnerability could result in non-compliance with these standards due to potential data breaches and loss of data confidentiality. [1]

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