CVE-2026-31824
Received Received - Intake
TOCTOU Race Condition in Sylius Promotions Enables Unlimited Coupon Redemption

Publication date: 2026-03-10

Last updated on: 2026-03-11

Assigner: GitHub, Inc.

Description
Sylius is an Open Source eCommerce Framework on Symfony. A Time-of-Check To Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition was discovered in the promotion usage limit enforcement. The same class of vulnerability affects the promotion usage limit (the global used counter on Promotion entities), coupon usage limit (the global used counter on PromotionCoupon entities), and coupon per-customer usage limit (the per-customer redemption count on PromotionCoupon entities). In all three cases, the eligibility check reads the used counter (or order count) from an in-memory Doctrine entity during validation, while the actual usage increment in OrderPromotionsUsageModifier happens later during order completion — with no database-level locking or atomic operations between the two phases. Because Doctrine flushes an absolute value (SET used = 1) rather than an atomic increment (SET used = used + 1), and because the affected entities lack optimistic locking, concurrent requests all read the same stale usage counts and pass the eligibility checks simultaneously. An attacker can exploit this by preparing multiple carts with the same limited-use promotion or coupon and firing simultaneous PATCH /api/v2/shop/orders/{token}/complete requests. All requests pass the usage limit checks and complete successfully, allowing a single-use promotion or coupon to be redeemed an arbitrary number of times. The per-customer limit can be bypassed in the same way by a single customer completing multiple orders concurrently. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. This may lead to direct financial loss through unlimited redemption of limited-use promotions and discount coupons. The issue is fixed in versions: 1.9.12, 1.10.16, 1.11.17, 1.12.23, 1.13.15, 1.14.18, 2.0.16, 2.1.12, 2.2.3 and above.
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Meta Information
Published
2026-03-10
Last Modified
2026-03-11
Generated
2026-05-07
AI Q&A
2026-03-11
EPSS Evaluated
2026-05-05
NVD
EUVD
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 9 associated CPEs
Vendor Product Version / Range
sylius sylius to 1.9.12 (exc)
sylius sylius From 1.10.0 (inc) to 1.10.16 (exc)
sylius sylius From 1.11.0 (inc) to 1.11.17 (exc)
sylius sylius From 1.12.0 (inc) to 1.12.23 (exc)
sylius sylius From 1.13.0 (inc) to 1.13.15 (exc)
sylius sylius From 1.14.0 (inc) to 1.14.18 (exc)
sylius sylius From 2.0.0 (inc) to 2.0.16 (exc)
sylius sylius From 2.1.0 (inc) to 2.1.12 (exc)
sylius sylius From 2.2.0 (inc) to 2.2.3 (exc)
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-362 The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
CWE-367 The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
Attack-Flow Graph
AI Powered Q&A
Can you explain this vulnerability to me?

This vulnerability is a Time-of-Check To Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in the Sylius eCommerce framework's promotion usage limit enforcement.

The issue occurs because the system checks the usage count of promotions or coupons from an in-memory entity during validation, but the actual increment of usage happens later during order completion without proper database locking or atomic operations.

As a result, multiple concurrent requests can read the same stale usage count and all pass the eligibility check, allowing a limited-use promotion or coupon to be redeemed multiple times.

An attacker can exploit this by creating multiple carts with the same limited-use promotion or coupon and completing them simultaneously, bypassing usage limits without authentication.


How can this vulnerability impact me? :

This vulnerability can lead to direct financial loss because attackers can redeem limited-use promotions or discount coupons an unlimited number of times.

It allows bypassing of global and per-customer usage limits on promotions and coupons, undermining the intended restrictions on discounts.

Since no authentication is required to exploit this, it poses a significant risk to eCommerce businesses using affected versions of Sylius.


How does this vulnerability affect compliance with common standards and regulations (like GDPR, HIPAA)?:

I don't know


How can this vulnerability be detected on my network or system? Can you suggest some commands?

I don't know


What immediate steps should I take to mitigate this vulnerability?

To mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Sylius to one of the fixed versions: 1.9.12, 1.10.16, 1.11.17, 1.12.23, 1.13.15, 1.14.18, 2.0.16, 2.1.12, 2.2.3 or above.

This will address the Time-of-Check To Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in promotion and coupon usage limit enforcement by ensuring proper locking or atomic operations during usage count increments.


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