CVE-2026-45322
Deferred Deferred - Pending Action
Microsoft UFO OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Publication date: 2026-05-27

Last updated on: 2026-05-28

Assigner: GitHub, Inc.

Description
Microsoft UFO open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Microsoft UFO tagged releases up to and including v3.0.0 contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the shell action replay path. In affected releases, ShellReceiver.run_shell() passes a command string from action parameters directly to subprocess.Popen() with shell=True and executable=powershell.exe. The same shell-execution behavior is also reachable through ShellReceiver.execute_command(). The shell receiver is invoked by action classes such as RunShellCommand.execute() and ExecuteCommand.execute(), which forward stored action parameters to the shell receiver. Because UFO stores planned and executed actions in per-session JSON records, an attacker who can write or modify a session/action JSON file can plant a shell action. When the session is resumed or replayed, UFO executes the attacker's command as the UFO process user.
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Meta Information
Published
2026-05-27
Last Modified
2026-05-28
Generated
2026-06-17
AI Q&A
2026-05-28
EPSS Evaluated
2026-06-16
NVD
CVE-2026-45322
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
microsoft ufo to 3.0.0 (inc)
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Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-78 The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
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Compliance Impact

The provided information does not specify how the CVE-2026-45322 vulnerability affects compliance with common standards and regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA.

Executive Summary

This vulnerability exists in the Microsoft UFO open-source framework for intelligent automation. Specifically, in versions up to and including v3.0.0, there is an OS command injection flaw in the shell action replay path. The ShellReceiver.run_shell() method passes command strings from action parameters directly to subprocess.Popen() with shell=True and executable set to powershell.exe, allowing shell commands to be executed. An attacker who can write or modify session or action JSON files can insert malicious shell commands. When the session is resumed or replayed, these commands are executed with the privileges of the UFO process user.

Impact Analysis

This vulnerability can have severe impacts because it allows an attacker with the ability to modify session or action JSON files to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system. This can lead to full compromise of the system running the UFO process, including unauthorized access, data modification, and disruption of services. The CVSS score of 7.8 indicates a high severity with potential for high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

Detection Guidance

This vulnerability involves the Microsoft UFO framework executing shell commands from session/action JSON files. Detection would involve inspecting these JSON files for unexpected or malicious shell commands.

Since the vulnerability is triggered when UFO resumes or replays sessions containing attacker-planted shell actions, monitoring or auditing the contents of per-session JSON records for suspicious shell commands is key.

No specific commands or network detection methods are provided in the available information.

Mitigation Strategies

Immediate mitigation should focus on preventing unauthorized modification or creation of session/action JSON files that UFO uses to execute shell commands.

Restrict write permissions to these JSON files to trusted users only, and audit existing session files for suspicious commands.

Additionally, avoid resuming or replaying sessions from untrusted sources until a patched version of Microsoft UFO is available.

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