Compliance Impact

The vulnerability allows an attacker to leak sensitive memory contents by exploiting a format string flaw in the device's web service. This unintended memory disclosure could potentially expose sensitive information.

Such exposure of sensitive data may impact compliance with data protection regulations like GDPR and HIPAA, which require safeguarding personal and sensitive information against unauthorized access or disclosure.

Therefore, failure to address this vulnerability could lead to non-compliance with these standards due to the risk of sensitive data leakage.

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Executive Summary

CVE-2026-10828 is a format string vulnerability found in the "alias" parameter of the Serial Param configuration page in certain Moxa NPort devices. This vulnerability occurs due to insufficient input validation and improper handling of externally supplied format strings.

An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted input to the web service, which may cause unintended memory disclosure. This can lead to leaking sensitive memory contents and allow the attacker to determine critical memory addresses, potentially bypassing security protections like Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR).

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Impact Analysis

Exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to the disclosure of sensitive memory contents from the affected device. This memory leakage can reveal critical information that may help an attacker bypass security mechanisms such as ASLR.

Such information disclosure can increase the risk of further attacks, including targeted memory corruption or code execution exploits, potentially compromising the confidentiality and integrity of the device and the network it is connected to.

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Detection Guidance

Detection of this vulnerability involves monitoring for unusual or crafted input sent to the web service, specifically targeting the "alias" parameter of the Serial Param configuration page.

Since the vulnerability is exploited by sending crafted input to the web service, network traffic analysis tools can be used to detect suspicious requests containing format string patterns in the "alias" parameter.

Commands or tools that can help include using network packet capture and inspection tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark to filter HTTP requests to the device's web service and look for suspicious payloads.

• tcpdump -i <interface> -A 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'
• Use grep or similar tools on captured traffic to search for format string specifiers like "%x", "%s", "%n" in the "alias" parameter.

Additionally, enabling and reviewing device logs for anomalies or unexpected input patterns may assist in detection.

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Mitigation Strategies

Immediate mitigation steps include applying the security patch by upgrading the firmware to version 1.5.1 or later for the affected NPort W2150A-W4/W2250A-W4 Series devices.

If firmware upgrade is not immediately possible, restrict network access to the affected devices to trusted hosts only and minimize device exposure to untrusted networks.

Enhance authentication and access control mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to the device's web service.

Secure remote access methods, implement anomaly detection systems, and maintain thorough logging and monitoring to detect and respond to potential exploitation attempts.

Regularly check for and apply firmware updates to ensure the device remains protected against known vulnerabilities.

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