CVE-2026-46654
Deferred Deferred - Pending Action
Fiat-Shamir Binding Bypass in Plonky3 Toolkit

Publication date: 2026-06-10

Last updated on: 2026-06-11

Assigner: GitHub, Inc.

Description
Plonky3 is a toolkit for polynomial IOPs (PIOPs). Prior to versions 0.4.3 and 0.5.3, an attacker controlling prover-side observations can craft distinct transcripts that produce identical challenges, breaking the binding property of Fiat-Shamir. This issue has been patched in versions 0.4.3 and 0.5.3.
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Meta Information
Published
2026-06-10
Last Modified
2026-06-11
Generated
2026-06-11
AI Q&A
2026-06-11
EPSS Evaluated
N/A
NVD
CVE-2026-46654
Affected Vendors & Products
Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
plonky3 plonky3 to 0.5.3 (exc)
Helpful Resources
Exploitability
CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-345 The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
CWE-1240 To fulfill the need for a cryptographic primitive, the product implements a cryptographic algorithm using a non-standard, unproven, or disallowed/non-compliant cryptographic implementation.
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Executive Summary

This vulnerability affects Plonky3, a toolkit for polynomial interactive oracle proofs (PIOPs). Before versions 0.4.3 and 0.5.3, an attacker who can control prover-side observations can create different transcripts that result in the same challenges. This breaks the binding property of the Fiat-Shamir transform, which is critical for ensuring the integrity and uniqueness of cryptographic proofs.

Impact Analysis

The vulnerability allows an attacker to produce distinct proof transcripts that yield identical challenges, undermining the binding property of the Fiat-Shamir transform. This can lead to a loss of trust in the cryptographic proofs generated by Plonky3, potentially allowing malicious actors to forge or manipulate proofs, which could compromise the security guarantees of systems relying on this toolkit.

Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability, update Plonky3 to version 0.4.3 or 0.5.3 or later, as these versions contain the patch that fixes the issue with the binding property of Fiat-Shamir.

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