Environment Variable Injection in Deno Runtime

Executive Summary

In Deno versions prior to 2.8.1, the function process.loadEnvFile() bypasses the environment permission checks. Although environment access is supposed to be controlled by the env permission (which can be denied with --deny-env or restricted with --allow-env), process.loadEnvFile() only verifies that the program has read permission for the .env file. It then writes all the variables from that file into the process environment (process.env), even if env access is denied.

This means that if an attacker has --allow-read permission and can control or write to the .env file, they can effectively override the --deny-env restriction and modify environment variables, defeating Deno's intended permission model.

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Impact Analysis

This vulnerability allows an attacker with limited permissions (--allow-read) to bypass environment access restrictions and modify environment variables by controlling a .env file. This can lead to unauthorized changes in the process environment, potentially affecting application behavior, leaking sensitive information, or escalating privileges within the application context.

Since the attack complexity is low and only minimal privileges are required, it poses a moderate risk to applications relying on Deno's permission model for security.

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Detection Guidance

This vulnerability can be detected by checking if your Deno environment is running a version prior to 2.8.1 and if the process.loadEnvFile() function is being used in your code. Additionally, verify if the program is running with --allow-read permission and if there is a writable or attacker-controlled .env file accessible.

You can run commands to check the Deno version and inspect permissions and environment file usage, for example:

• Check Deno version: deno --version
• Search for usage of process.loadEnvFile() in your codebase: grep -r 'process.loadEnvFile' ./
• Check if the program is run with --allow-read or --deny-env flags by reviewing startup scripts or process arguments.
• Inspect the permissions and contents of any .env files that the application may read: ls -l .env; cat .env

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Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability immediately, upgrade Deno to version 2.8.1 or later where the issue is fixed.

Additionally, restrict read permissions to .env files to prevent attacker-controlled modifications, and avoid relying solely on --deny-env to protect environment variables if process.loadEnvFile() is used.

If upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid using process.loadEnvFile() or ensure that the .env file is not writable or controlled by untrusted users.

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Compliance Impact

This vulnerability allows unauthorized modification of environment variables by bypassing Deno's environment permission checks. Such unauthorized access and modification of environment variables could potentially lead to exposure or alteration of sensitive configuration data, which may include personal data or credentials.

As a result, organizations relying on Deno's permission model for securing environment variables might face increased risk of data breaches or unauthorized data processing, which could impact compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA that require strict control over access to sensitive information.

However, the provided information does not explicitly mention compliance impacts or regulatory considerations.

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