Stack-Based Buffer Overflow in Tenda BE12 Pro

Executive Summary

CVE-2026-15694 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Tenda BE12 Pro router, specifically in the firmware version 16.03.66.23. The issue occurs in the function fromSetIpBind of the file /goform/SetIpBind.

The vulnerability is caused by the manipulation of the 'page' argument, which is processed using the unsafe sprintf function without proper length checks. This allows an attacker to send input exceeding the fixed buffer size of 256 bytes, leading to memory corruption.

The flaw can be exploited remotely, and a public exploit is available. Successful exploitation could result in crashes, arbitrary code execution, or information leakage.

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Detection Guidance

To detect the CVE-2026-15694 vulnerability on your network or system, you can check if the Tenda BE12 Pro router with firmware version 16.03.66.23 is present. This vulnerability affects the /goform/SetIpBind endpoint, which can be exploited by sending a crafted request with an oversized 'page' parameter.

• Identify the router model and firmware version: Access the router's web interface or use commands like 'nmap' to scan for open ports and services. For example, 'nmap -sV <router_IP>' can help detect the device and its firmware version.
• Check for the vulnerable endpoint: Use a tool like 'curl' to send a request to the /goform/SetIpBind endpoint. Example: 'curl -v http://<router_IP>/goform/SetIpBind'. If the endpoint responds, the router may be vulnerable.
• Test for buffer overflow: A proof-of-concept script (as mentioned in Resource 2) can be used to send an oversized 'page' parameter to the endpoint. If the router crashes or behaves unexpectedly, it is likely vulnerable.
• Monitor network traffic: Use network monitoring tools like Wireshark to capture and analyze traffic to the router. Look for unusual requests to the /goform/SetIpBind endpoint.

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Impact Analysis

This vulnerability can have several severe impacts if exploited:

• Denial of Service (DoS): An attacker could crash the router, disrupting network connectivity.
• Arbitrary Code Execution: An attacker could execute malicious code on the router, potentially taking full control of the device.
• Information Leakage: Sensitive data, such as network traffic or stored credentials, could be exposed or stolen.
• Network Compromise: The router could be used as a pivot to launch attacks on other devices within the network.
• Unauthorized Access: Attackers could monitor or manipulate network traffic, intercept communications, or redirect users to malicious sites.

The vulnerability can be triggered without authentication, increasing the risk of exploitation.

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Compliance Impact

This vulnerability could impact compliance with several standards and regulations, depending on the context in which the affected router is used:

• GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation): If the router is used in an environment processing personal data of EU citizens, exploitation could lead to unauthorized access or leakage of personal data. This may result in violations of GDPR's data protection and confidentiality requirements, potentially leading to fines or legal action.
• HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act): In healthcare settings, if the router handles protected health information (PHI), exploitation could expose sensitive patient data. This would violate HIPAA's security and privacy rules, leading to penalties and reputational damage.
• PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard): If the router is part of a network processing payment card data, exploitation could compromise the security of cardholder data. This would violate PCI DSS requirements for securing network devices and protecting sensitive information.
• ISO/IEC 27001: Organizations certified under this standard are required to manage information security risks. Failure to address this vulnerability could result in non-compliance with controls related to network security and vulnerability management.

To maintain compliance, affected organizations should apply patches or mitigations promptly, conduct risk assessments, and ensure proper monitoring and incident response procedures are in place.

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Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate the CVE-2026-15694 vulnerability, follow these immediate steps:

• Apply firmware updates: Check the Tenda official website (Resource 1) for the latest firmware update that patches this vulnerability. Install the update as soon as it is available.
• Restrict access to the router's web interface: Limit access to the router's admin panel by configuring firewall rules or disabling remote management if it is not needed.
• Use strong credentials: Ensure the router's admin password is strong and unique to prevent unauthorized access.
• Disable unnecessary services: Turn off any services or features that are not in use, especially those that expose the router to remote attacks.
• Monitor for suspicious activity: Regularly check the router's logs for any unusual or unauthorized access attempts.
• Replace unsafe functions: If you have access to the router's source code or development team, replace the unsafe 'sprintf' function with safer alternatives like 'snprintf' and implement strict input validation (as suggested in Resource 2).
• Isolate the router: If possible, place the router in a segmented network to limit the potential impact of an exploit.

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