CVE-2026-102276
Received Received - Intake

Stack Overflow in brace-expansion Library

Vulnerability report for CVE-2026-102276, including description, CVSS score, EPSS score, affected products, exploitability, helpful resources, and attack-flow context.

Publication date: 2026-09-28

Last updated on: 2026-09-28

Assigner: GitHub, Inc.

Description

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.

CVSS Scores

EPSS Scores

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Meta Information

Published
2026-09-28
Last Modified
2026-09-28
Generated
2026-09-29
AI Q&A
2026-09-29
EPSS Evaluated
N/A
NVD

Affected Vendors & Products

Currently, no data is known.

Helpful Resources

Exploitability

CWE
CWE Icon
KEV
KEV Icon
CWE ID Description
CWE-400 The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
CWE-674 The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

Attack-Flow Graph

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Executive Summary

This vulnerability involves the brace-expansion library generating arbitrary strings with a common prefix and suffix. Crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts due to recursive processing of brace groups and large comma-part arrays, causing a denial of service by terminating the Node.js process.

Detection Guidance

This vulnerability can be detected by checking the version of the brace-expansion library in use. If your system uses Node.js, run 'npm list brace-expansion' or 'npm ls brace-expansion' to check the installed version. Compare it against the fixed versions (1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, 5.0.10).

Monitor for process crashes or high CPU usage when processing brace patterns, as these may indicate stack exhaustion attempts.

Impact Analysis

This vulnerability can cause a denial of service by crashing Node.js processes, leading to service unavailability. It may disrupt applications relying on the brace-expansion library, especially those processing large or maliciously crafted brace patterns.

Compliance Impact

This vulnerability causes a denial of service by exhausting the native stack, which could lead to process termination. This may disrupt services handling sensitive data, potentially violating availability requirements in GDPR and HIPAA.

Mitigation Strategies

Upgrade the brace-expansion library to the latest patched versions (1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, or 5.0.10) immediately. Use 'npm update brace-expansion' or update your package.json dependencies.

Review applications using brace-expansion for input validation to prevent crafted patterns from reaching the library.

Implement rate limiting or input sanitization for user-provided patterns to reduce exposure to malicious inputs.

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