CVE-2026-12215
Received Received - Intake

Authentication Bypass via OTP Brute Force in OTP Login & Register Woocommerce

Publication date: 2026-09-11

Last updated on: 2026-09-11

Assigner: Wordfence

Description
The OTP Login & Register Woocommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass via OTP Brute Force in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.2. The vulnerability exists because the OTP rate-limit attempt counter in `process_otp_form` is keyed exclusively on the attacker-controlled `xoo_ml_user_ip_data` cookie's `ip_address` field, allowing unlimited counter resets by simply rotating the cookie, while the OTP itself is generated with PHP's non-cryptographic `rand()` function over a default space of only 9,000 possible values (1000–9999), and both the OTP issuance endpoint (`xoo_ml_login_with_otp`) and verification endpoint (`xoo_ml_otp_form_submit`) are registered as unauthenticated `wp_ajax_nopriv` actions with no nonce or capability checks. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to brute-force the OTP for any registered account and obtain a full WordPress authentication session — including for administrator accounts — via `wp_set_auth_cookie()` in `login_user_with_otp()`. Exploitation requires the attacker to know the target user's registered phone number, which is used to trigger OTP issuance via the unauthenticated `xoo_ml_login_with_otp` endpoint.

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Meta Information

Published
2026-09-11
Last Modified
2026-09-11
Generated
2026-09-11
AI Q&A
2026-09-11
EPSS Evaluated
N/A
NVD
CVE-2026-12215
EUVD
EUVD-2026-75928

Affected Vendors & Products

Showing 1 associated CPE
Vendor Product Version / Range
xoo_ml otp_login_and_register_woocommerce_plugin to 2.7.2 (inc)

Helpful Resources

Exploitability

CWE
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KEV
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CWE ID Description
CWE-434 The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Attack-Flow Graph

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Executive Summary

This vulnerability is an authentication bypass in the OTP Login & Register Woocommerce WordPress plugin up to version 2.7.2. It allows attackers to bypass OTP verification by brute-forcing a 4-digit code due to weak rate limiting and predictable OTP generation. The attack exploits a cookie-based rate limiter that resets with cookie rotation and uses PHP's rand() function for OTPs, which has only 9,000 possible values.

Detection Guidance

Detecting this vulnerability requires monitoring for repeated OTP requests to the WordPress site. Check web server logs for excessive requests to the endpoints xoo_ml_login_with_otp and xoo_ml_otp_form_submit. Look for patterns where the xoo_ml_user_ip_data cookie's ip_address field changes frequently while targeting the same user account.

Impact Analysis

An attacker could gain full WordPress access, including admin accounts, by brute-forcing the OTP if they know a user's phone number. This allows them to take over accounts, steal data, install malware, or deface the site. The attack is unauthenticated and requires no special privileges.

Compliance Impact

This vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive user data, violating GDPR's data protection requirements and HIPAA's security rules for protected health information. Organizations using this plugin may face compliance violations, legal penalties, and reputational damage if exploited.

Mitigation Strategies
  • Disable the OTP Login & Register Woocommerce plugin immediately if installed and not essential.
  • Update the plugin to the latest version if an update is available that patches this issue.
  • Implement rate limiting on the OTP endpoints xoo_ml_login_with_otp and xoo_ml_otp_form_submit to prevent brute force attempts.
  • Review and restrict access to user phone numbers to prevent attackers from knowing targets.
  • Monitor for unauthorized login attempts or session creation, especially for admin accounts.

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